Primary leaflet abnormality
- Acquired disease
- Degenerative, myxomatous
- Rheumatic
- Endocarditis
- Carcinoid
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
- Toxins
- Trauma
- Iatrogenic (pacing leads, RV biopsy)
- Other (e.g., ischemic papillary muscle rupture)
- Congenital Ebstein’s anomaly
- TV dysplasia
- TV tethering associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and ventricular septal aneurysm
- Repaired tetralogy of Fallot
- Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
- Other (giant right atrium)
Secondary (functional)
- LV dysfunction or valve disease
- RV dysfunction
- RV ischemia
- RV volume overload
- RV cardiomyopathy
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Chronic lung disease
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Left-to-right shunt
- Atrial fibrillation
Coming soon
Coming Soon