Primary MR
- MVP myxomatous changes
- Prolapse, flail, ruptured or elongated chordae
- Degenerative changes
- Calcification, thickening
- Infectious Endocarditis vegetations, perforations, aneurysm
- Inflammatory
- Rheumatic, collagen vascular disease, radiation, drugs
- Congenital Cleft leaflet, parachute MV
Secondary MR
- Ischemic etiology secondary to coronary artery disease
- Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
- Annular dilation
- Atrial fibrillation, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Colour Doppler
- Proximal flow convergence
- Vena contracta width
- Jet area
- 3D Vena contracta
- Mitral inflow velocity
- Pulmonary vein flow pattern
- Density of regurgitant jet
Quantitative Doppler
- PISA
- Regurgitant volume
Coming Soon